史料研读、综合评论、专题探究和问题比较是学习历史的重要方法,试用这些方法分析中外

题型:材料题

问题:

       史料研读、综合评论、专题探究和问题比较是学习历史的重要方法,试用这些方法分析中外政治、经济和思想文化的演进。完成下列问题。

★史料研读

       专制主义中央集权制度发展到隋唐时期,逐步完备起来。“隋文帝综合汉魏以来的官制,在中央确立三省六部制度。三省(即中书省、门下省和尚书省)为中央最高政府机构。唐太宗时期进一步划分三省的职权。三省的长官都是宰相。六部为尚书省的下设机构,包括吏、户、礼、兵、刑、工六部。①三省六部职权彼此分工,互不干涉……②隋文帝时,废除九品中正制,开始采用分科考试的方式选拔官员。③隋炀帝时始建进士科,科举制形成。④唐高祖时,增加了考试科目,以进士、明经为主。武则天时,首创了武举和殿试。⑤开元年间,任用高官主持考试,提高了科举考试的地位,以后成为定制。”

(1)材料中画线的五部分有两处表述是错误的,请写出序号。

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(2)结合所学简要说明科举制与三省六部制的关系。

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★综合评论  

       不同文明的相遇必然涉及到对外部世界的认识和理解。从15世纪的大航海时代到19世纪中叶的鸦片战争,中外文明的交往变化起伏,中国对外部世界的认识也随之在不断发生变化。

(3)结合所学知识列举郑和、徐光启、林则徐对外交往的史实。并归纳他们对外部世界理解的变化。 

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★专题探究  

       在人类社会发展过程中,资产阶级革命不仅能够实现 * * 的更迭,而且革命往往还具有强大的社会改造功能(指对旧制度的改造)。

(4)以法国资产阶级革命(1789—1794年)为例,概述法国资产阶级革命期间,资产阶级凭借着手中的 * * 对法国社会的政治、经济进行了怎样的改造?请结合史实任选一个方面加以概括说明。

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(5)问题比较  

       在近代中国的19世纪末,伴随着中 * * 危机的不断加深,几乎同时发生了两大政治运动,即戊戌变法和义和团运动,又一次掀起了救亡图存,挽救民族危机的革命新高潮。结合所学知识,观察图14、

图15,完成下表。

图14 戊戌变法时期的学会、报刊、学堂分布示意图
图15 义和团运动示意图
         

领导阶级基本主张区域性特点及形成因素评价
戊戌变法农民阶级抵抗列强侵略,摆脱民族危机;反对封建专制统治,主张兴民权,实行君主立宪;发展资本主义经济;学习和传播西方先进科学文化。是一次资产阶级的改良运动;是爱国救亡的政治运动;是近代中国第一次思想解放的潮流。由于民族资产阶级的局限性,将希望寄托在无权的皇帝,脱离广大人民群众,最终归于失败。
义 和 团 运 动义和团运动兴起于北方。 经济因素:北方经济相对落后,自然经济根深蒂固。 阶级关系因素:北方则主要表现为农民、手工业者的秘密结社。 思想因素:北方则盛行小农平均主义和封建迷信。

考点:三省六部制的发展科举制虎门销烟(林则徐)义和团运动郑和下西洋
题型:材料题
一个数(0除外)乘0.01就是把这个数缩小到原来的
1
100
.______.(判断对错)
题型:材料题

These days we are all conditioned to accept newness, whatever it costs. Very soon, there is no doubt that Apple's tablet (平板电脑) will seem as a vital tool of modern living to us as sewing machine did to our grandparents. At least, it will until someone produces an even smarter, thinner and more essential tablet, which, if recent history is any guide, will be in approximately six months' time. Turn your back for a moment and you find that every electronic item in your possession is as old as a tombstone. Why should you care if people laugh just because you use an old mobile phone? But try getting the thing repaired when it goes wrong. It's like walking into a pub and asking for an orange juice. You will be made to feel like some sort of time-traveler from the 1970s. "Why not buy a new one?" you will get asked.

And so the mountain of electrical rubbish grows. An average British person was believed to get rid of quite a number of electronic goods in a lifetime. They weighed three tons, stood 7 feet high, and included five fridges, six microwaves, seven PCs, six TVs, 12 kettles, 35 mobile phones and so on. Even then, the calculation seemed to be conservative. Only 35 mobiles in a lifetime? The huge number of electronic items now regularly thrown away by British families is clearly one big problem. But this has other consequences. It contributes greatly to the uneasy feeling that modem technology is going by faster than we can keep up. By the time I've learnt how to use a tool it's already broken or lost. I've lost count of the number of TV remote-controls that I've bought, mislaid and replaced without working out what most of the buttons did.

And the technology changes so unbelievably fast. It was less than years ago that I spotted an energetic businessman friend pulling what seemed to be either a large container or a small nuclear bomb on wheels through a railway station. I asked. "What have you got in there? Your money or your wife?" "Neither," he replied, with the satisfied look of a man who knew he was keeping pace with the latest technology, no matter how ridiculous he looked. "This is what everyone will have soon—even you. It's called a mobile telephone."

I don't feel sorry for the pace of change. On the contrary, I'm amazed by those high-tech designers who can somehow fit a camera, music-player, computer and phone into a plastic box no bigger than a packet of cigarette. If those geniuses could also find a way to keep the underground trains running on the first snowy day of winter, they would be making real progress for human beings. What I do regret, however, is that so many household items fall behind so soon. My parents bought a wooden wireless radio in 1947, the year they were married. In 1973, the year I went to university, it was still working. It sat in the kitchen like an old friend—which, in a way, it was. It certainly spoke to us more than we spoke to each other on some mornings. When my mum replaced it with a new-style radio that could also play cassette-tapes, I felt a real sense of loss.

Such is the over-excited change of 21st-century technology that there's no time to satisfy our emotional needs. Even if Apple's new products turn out to be the most significant tablets I very much doubt if they will resist this trend.

小题1:When you try getting an old mobile phone repaired, ____.

A.you are travelling through time

B.you are thought to be out of date

C.you will find everything wrong

D.you have got to buy a new one小题2:Throwing away so much electronic rubbish makes the writer feel quite _____.

A.lost and upset

B.unbelievably fast

C.broken or lost

D.regularly wasteful小题3:The example of the businessman implies that____.

A.the businessman mastered the latest technology

B.mobile phones used to be quite big just years ago

C.the businessman was a very ridiculous person

D.the writer failed to follow modern technology小题4:The passage is organized in the pattern of ____.

A.time and events

B.comparison and contrast

C.cause and effect

D.examples and analysis小题5:Which of the following is conveyed in the passage?

A.The fast pace of change brings us no good.

B.We have to keep up with new technology.

C.Household items should be upgraded quickly.

D.We should hold on for new technology to last.

题型:材料题
北京奥委会接受专家的建议,大量采用对环境有益的新技术.如奥运会场馆周围80%~90%的路灯将利用太阳能发电技术、奥运会90%的洗浴热水将采用全玻真空太阳能集热技术.太阳能的产生是由于太阳内部高温高压条件下的热核聚变反应形成的,其核反应方程是(  )

A.+

B.++

C.+++10

D.+

题型:材料题

偏头痛的头痛发作开始位于()

A.双侧眼眶部或额颞部头痛

B.一侧眼眶部或额颞部头痛

C.双侧枕部

D.一侧枕部

E.整个头部

题型:材料题

邓 * * 同志科学世界观最鲜明的特征是______。

A.邓 * * 同志对马克思主义和社会主义事业有着坚定的信念
B.“两手抓,两手都要硬”
C.为人民服务
D.解放思想、实事求是

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