阅读下面文章后回答问题: 据《乐记》载,战国初,魏文侯曾对孔子学生子夏说:“吾端冕而

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问题:


阅读下面文章后回答问题:

据《乐记》载,战国初,魏文侯曾对孔子学生子夏说:“吾端冕而听古乐则唯恐卧,听郑卫之音则不倦。”这里的“古乐”指的是上古的《韶》、《武》等雅乐;“郑卫之音”是指当时流行的民间“新乐”,大概与桑间濮上男女幽会求爱的歌乐相类。这位魏文侯也还老实得可爱,在雅士面前,并不隐瞒自己爱听“流行的”,而不爱听“古典的”的俗趣。
孔子则特别钟爱古乐,他欣赏“尽善尽美”的《韶》乐后,竟“三月不知肉味”。对于郑卫之音他极为反感,所谓“恶郑声之乱雅乐也”。而后荀子和《乐记》也把郑卫之音贬为“使人心淫”和“乱世之音”。古时没有录音技术,这种“乱世之音”的音响效果究竟如何,不得而知。但郑卫之音的歌词文字却传留不少。相传经孔子删订过的诗三百篇中,《郑风》、《卫风》共计六十篇,约占全书的1/5。按照朱熹统计,其中不“淫奔”之诗还有二三十篇。足见孔夫子对郑卫之风也还相当宽容,并不完全以个人好恶而定取舍。
人心之“喜新厌旧”,引起艺术无休止的变化。下划线考之于戏剧史,就足以为证。戏曲声腔于元代重北曲, 明代中期则已盛行南曲系统的海盐腔,北曲渐趋式微。至嘉靖年间民间又渐渐以昆山腔代替了海盐腔。昆山腔方兴之时,也只流传于民间歌儿之口,并未登富贵人家的大雅之堂,但到了清代乾隆年间就完全成为古奥的“雅部”,听者“无不茫然不知所谓”(焦循语),而逐渐兴起于民间的“花部”诸地方声腔中,“虽妇孺亦能解”,也就深受百姓欢迎。明代戏曲理论家王骥德曾称“世之腔调,每三十年一变”,当非虚妄之论。
这一切说怪不怪,凡流行的艺术,总是社会心理刺激的结果,在特定的时间里,显得通俗易懂,与众人情趣相合,自然易于为当时民众所接受所喜爱。古典艺术则是过于某个时代的产物,在它兴盛时的那种群众心理原状已不复存在,加以时间的距离,这些艺术愈来愈显得典雅甚或艰深。这种距离感常使未受专门训练的一般人感到不亲切不解渴。清初的李笠翁就已点明:“演古代戏如唱清曲,只可悦知音数人之耳,不能娱满座宾朋之目。”故而,凡是流行的,总是多数人的;凡是古典的,总是少数人的。像戏剧这样的群体性艺术,需要许多人的合作, 自然容易倾向通俗化、流行化。
但是,由于变化的社会心理又总是迅速地推出新的流行的艺术,于是“流行性”也就不可避免地兼有“短暂性”。古典艺术则不然。它曾经过“时代的”和“历史的”两种选择,因而就成为一种可以长期保留的艺术。如果“流行的”某种艺术品经过十年、 百年甚至更长的时间遴选依然流行于世,那么这少量传世之作就已变成“古典的”了。就如当年流行于桑间濮上的俗唱,流传于今都已成了代表一个时代的深奥的“古典”。从这个角度看,凡是流行的,总是短暂的,凡是古典的,总是长存的。唯其如此,也就有不少戏剧家喜欢不遗余力地对古典戏剧进行再创造,使之不断地以新面貌出现于各个时代的观众面前。“流行的”刺激了艺术的创新,“古典的”肯定了艺术的传承。前者促使艺术类型形态的裂变、重组与更新,后者则维护了整个艺术世界的“生态平衡”,让历史的精华代代相传,为后人保留了许多选择的机会。更有许多交叉的现象。如:在追求时尚时却复活了古典,在弘扬传统时却启发了创新,古典的借新潮得以广为传播,流行的借传统反而行之弥远,等等。且以四百年前莎士比亚戏剧的重演为例。在今天的世界上,有说古代英语的莎士比亚,也有说现代汉语的莎士比亚;有追寻当年环球剧场样态的复旧式的莎士比亚,也有爵士乐伴唱的先锋派的莎士比亚;有穿着日本和服的莎士比亚,也有穿着中国戏装的莎士比亚……

这篇文章的中心论点是:

A.凡是流行的,总是多数人的;凡是古典的,总是少数人的。

B.凡是流行的,总是短暂的;凡是古典的,总是长存的。

C.凡是流行的艺术,都是值得推崇的;凡是古典的艺术,都是应该扬弃的。

D.“流行的”刺激了艺术的创新,“古典的”肯定了艺术的传承。

考点:在职联考会计硕士(MPAcc)综合知识会计硕士专业学位联考综合知识
题型:单项选择题

降低蔬菜中维生素损失的有效措施()

A.先洗后切

B.急火快炒

C.先切后洗

D.现做现吃

E.全部生吃

题型:单项选择题

某人的胸围差越大,说明他的肺活量越小.______.

题型:单项选择题

阅读理解.

     For many managers,"team building" means two days spent doing role-playing exercises

in a conference hotel far from head office.But perhaps a more effective way to build teams is

simply by playing real team sports,such as soccer,cricket or softball.

     David Clark,a project manager at Atisreal UK,is one of the organizers of the company's

two soccer teams.He says the main point is fitness but it also has another advantage:"It gives

the guys a chance to meet and relax with their peers (同等地位的人) from other departments.

It builds cross-company relationships."

Louise Aston,a human resources director,takes a similar view,pointing out that as well as

bringing_disparate_divisions_together,sport cuts through hierarchies (等级制度):"Not only

does it promote health,it can knock leadership on the head.The person who's best at soccer

could well be a person who works in the warehouse (库房).Then his confidence will be built."

     Another reason companies would like to promote team sports is that they are relatively

cheap.Peter Mills,chief health officer at Vielife,says:"The contributions a company might make

towards running a sports team-paying its league fees,for example-are pretty small compared

to other expenditure in the field of well-being."

     However,he warns,there is a potential downside.Sports are,by their nature,competitive

and not everyone is good at them:"There are people who can be a bit selfconscious and you

need to ensure you don't marginalize (忽视) them.So you might use introductory days that

only beginners go to.""The emphasis was on sports such as soccer and netball,but by way

of recognition that not everyone likes sweaty exercise,there was also chess,"he added.

1.How many advantages of team sports are mentioned in the passage?_____

A.Two.

B.Three.

C.Four.

D.Five.

2.The underlined part"bringing disparate divisions together"might refer to________.

A.building cross-company relationships

B.cutting through hierarchies

C.promoting health

D.bringing fun to the employees

3.We can learn that by cutting through hierarchies,________.

A.the ordinary employees may be more confident

B.the employers' positions will be threatened

C.everyone will be equal regardless of sex,age and income

D.no one will be prejudiced inside the company

4.The disadvantage of team sports is that________.

A.people who like sports are too competitive

B.someone bad at sports might not feel at home when playing sports

C.self-conscious people are not competitive

D.chess is not included in the team building programs

5.The purpose of the passage is to________.

A.introduce the meaning of "team building"

B.explain why team sports is a new way of "team building"

C.narrate the characteristics of the team sports

D.stress different people have different characters

题型:单项选择题

孕早期是指()

A.孕12周以前

B.孕20周以内

C.孕12周以后

D.孕8周以内

E.孕16周以内

题型:单项选择题

肱骨外上髁炎无下列哪项临床表现?()

A.肘外侧疼痛,遇劳加重

B.肱骨外上髁部局限性压痛点

C.局部红肿发热

D.晨起肘关节僵硬

E.前臂旋前或旋后疼痛

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