粗集料应该( ),其质量应符合相关质量技术要求。A.干燥 B.无风化 C.无杂质

题型:多项选择题

问题:

粗集料应该( ),其质量应符合相关质量技术要求。

A.干燥

B.无风化

C.无杂质

D.洁净

E.表面粗糙

考点:一级建造师公路工程路面工程
题型:多项选择题

本大题共2小题,共8分。阅读下面的文章,完成下列各题。

①一直以来,人们就试图解释音乐对人类的影响。从上帝的礼物到魔鬼的工具,从数学的延伸到语言处理的副产品,人们给音乐贴上了各种标签。达尔文在《人类的演化》一书中提到,人类对音乐的偏爱“是与生俱来的,这一点最为神秘”。

②上世纪中叶以来,许多心理学家比较了音乐鉴赏能力和语言能力,试图以此来解释音乐的魅力所在。毕竟,不论是欣赏音乐还是理解语言,最基本的要求都是要具有辨识声音的能力。大脑的听觉皮层专注于听觉信号,现在已知这一部位负责处理基本的音乐要素,例如音调和音量;位于听觉皮层旁边的次级听觉部位负责理解更为复杂的音乐模式,例如和声和旋律等。专家们已经发现,音乐可以激活负责理解和产生语言的部位,其中包括布洛卡区和韦尼克区。它们都位于大脑左半球的表面。因此,音乐语法有可能是在总结和理解语言语法的过程中逐渐发展而来的。

③但是对旋律的感知还要涉及其他一些大脑系统,尤其是控制喜怒哀乐等情绪的部位。例如;大脑的恐惧中枢杏仁核如果受到损害,将会削弱一个人感知恐惧的能力。一些研究显示,这个损伤还会削弱人们对音乐中悲伤元素的感知能力。许多现代研究人员因此推测,大脑中负责语言、感觉和其他功能的部位独特地组合在一起,音乐就是在此基础上进化出现的。

④那么在大脑中除了利用其他系统之外,音乐有自己的专属区域吗?劳伦斯·弗里德曼在一次自行车事故引发的脑震荡过后,他仍旧能够分辨出此前曾热爱过的古典作品,且依旧能为视觉艺术和其他一些体验所感动,但他再也无法从音乐中获得任何乐趣。据推测,弗里德曼大脑中专门负责音乐爱好的区域可能已被损坏。尽管没人确切地知道这一区域究竟在哪里,但研究者认为它的存在与音乐的发展有着某种特殊联系。

⑤此外,人们还发现婴儿常常会全神贯注地聆听音乐,对音乐的热爱似乎超出了对语言的爱好。专家们认为,婴儿对音乐与生俱来的反应与“母亲语”现象是联系在一起的,人们本能地会使用这种特别的哼唱方式与婴儿交流。一些专家由此推测,音乐和语言可能都来源于此。英国雷丁大学认知考古学家史蒂芬·米森创立的理论认为,语言和音乐都进化自人类史前祖先所使用的音乐式原始母语。

⑥尽管人们的研究很丰富,但要验证进化理论非常困难,人们也许永远也不会知道音乐为什么会存在。

小题1:下列理解或分析,符合原文意思的一项是(3分)                        (   )

A.关于音乐对人类的影响,有魔鬼的工具、教学的延伸、语言处理的副产品等多种解释,对此作者并不认同。

B.大脑的听觉皮层负责处理基本的音乐要素,而控制喜怒哀乐等情绪的部位,对人们感知音乐旋律是至关重要的。

C.受伤后的劳伦斯·弗里德曼仍能听音乐却不知音乐所表达的内容,可他能够正常感知其他事物所传递的情感。

D.有专家认为,婴儿对音乐与生俱来的反应与人们本能地使用哼唱方式与婴儿交流这一现象,是联系在一起的。小题2:简要说明人们研究出的音乐进化理论。(5分)

题型:多项选择题

《药品不良反应报告和监测管理办法》规定,新药监测期内的药品应报告()

A.所有不良反应

B.严重的不良反应

C.药物相互作用引起的不良反应

D.严重和新的不良反应

E.迟发型不良反应

题型:多项选择题

Short and shy, Ben Saunders was the last kid in his class picked for any sports team. "Football, tennis,cricket — anything with a round ball, I was useless." he says now with a laugh. But back then he was the object of jokes in school gym classes in England's rural Devonshire.

It was a mountain bike he received for his 15th birthday that changed him. At first the teen went biking alone in a nearby forest. Then he began to cycle along with a runner friend. Gradually, Saunders set his mind building up his body, increasing his speed, strength and endurance. At age 18, he ran his first marathon.

The following year, he met John Ridgway, who became famous in the 1960s for rowing an open boat across the Atlantic Ocean. Saunders was hired as an instructor at Ridgway's school of Adventure in Scotland, where he learned about the older man's cold-water exploits (成就). Intrigued, Saunders read all he could about Arctic explorers and North Pole expeditions, then decided that this would be his future.

Journeys to the Pole aren't the usual holidays for British country boys, and many people dismissed his dream as fantasy. "John Ridgway was one of the few who didn't say, 'You are completely crazy,'" Saunders says.

In 2001, after becoming a skilled skier, Saunders started his first long-distance expedition toward the North Pole. He suffered frostbite, had a closer encounter (遭遇) with a polar bear and pushed his body to the limit.

Saunders has since become the youngest person to ski alone to the North Pole, and he's skied more of the Arctic by himself than any other Briton. His old playmates would not believe the transformation.

This October, Saunders, 27, heads south to explore from the coast of Antarctica to the South Pole and back, an 1800-mile journey that has never been completed on skis.

小题1:The turning point in Saunders'life came when ________.

A.he started to play ball games

B.he got a mountain bike at age 15

C.he ran his first marathon at age 18

D.he started to receive Ridgway's training小题2:We can learn from the text that Ridgway ________.

A.dismissed Saunders' dream as fantasy

B.built up his body together with Saunders

C.hired Saunders for his cold-water experience

D.won his fame for his voyage across the Atlantic小题3:What do we know about Saunders?

A.He once worked at a school in Scotland.

B.He followed Ridgway to explore the North Pole.

C.He was chosen for the school sports team as a kid.

D.He was the first Briton to ski alone to the North Pole.小题4:The underlined word "Intrigued" in the third paragraph probably means ________.

A.Excited

B.Convinced

C.Delighted

D.Fascinated小题5:It can be inferred that Saunders' journey to the North Pole ________.

A.was accompanied by his old playmates

B.set a record in the North Pole expedition

C.was supported by other Arctic explorers

D.made him well-known in the 1960s

题型:多项选择题

房性期前收缩心电图特征中,下列描述正确的是

A.P波提早出现,形态与窦性P波相同
B.P-R间期>0.20秒
C.期前收缩的代偿间歇多不完全
D.QRS波群宽大畸形
E.房性期前收缩的P波后可无ORS波群

题型:多项选择题

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