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To Err Is Human by Lewis ThomasEveryone must have had at least one personal experience with a computer error by this time. Bank balances are suddenly reported to have jumped from $379 into the millions, appeals for charitable contributions are mailed over and over to people with crazy sounding names at your address, department stores send the wrong bills, utility companies write that they’’re turning everything off, that sort of thing. If you manage to get in touch with someone and complain, you then get instantaneously typed, guilty letters from the same computer, saying, "Our computer was in error, and an adjustment is being made in your account."These are supposed to be the sheerest, blindest accidents. Mistakes are not believed to be the normal behavior of a good machine. If things go wrong, it must be a personal, human error, the result of fingering, tampering a button getting stuck, someone hitting the wrong key. The computer, at its normal best, is infallible.I wonder whether this can be true. After all, the whole point of computers is that they represent an extension of the human brain, vastly improved upon but nonetheless human, superhuman maybe. A good computer can think clearly and quickly enough to beat you at chess, and some of them have even been programmed to write obscure verse. They can do anything we can do, and more besides.It is not yet known whether a computer has its own consciousness, and it would be hard to find out about this. When you walk into one of those great halls now built for the huge machines, and standing listening, it is easy to imagine that the faint, distant noises are the sound of thinking, and the turning of the spools gives them the look of wild creatures rolling their eyes in the effort to concentrate, choking with information. But real thinking, and dreaming, are other matters. On the other hand, the evidence of something like an unconscious, equivalent to ours, are all around, in every mail. As extensions of the human brain, they have been constructed the same property of error, spontaneous, uncontrolled, and rich in possibilities.

The title of the writing "To Err Is Human" implies that

A．making mistakes is confined only to human beings.

B．every human being cannot avoid making mistakes.

C．all human beings are always making mistakes.

D．every human being is born to make bad mistakes.

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阅读理解

    Frankly,I appreciate myself very much.Yes,I admit I'm in many aspects not as good as other people,but

I don't think I'm always not good.When I find what I've done or written is okay,I'll remain pleased with my

self for quite a few days,and if I receive praise for it,I'll even become so excited as to add a few words to

reward myself.

    True,I'm not modest at all.People may call me conceited (自负的)．But I think otherwise.

    I appreciate other people.I appreciate anything good.Isn't it unfair to forget appreciating myself while

appreciating others?

    We Chinese generally tend to be modest,and we take pride in being so.For example,a Chinese man will

call his own wife zhuojing,meaning"my humble wife",and his own writings zhuozuo,meaning"my poor

writings"．But if you call his wife a "rustic (乡村的) woman" or his writings"trash",he would,I'm sure,

declare he would make a clean break with you angrily.As a matter of fact,there is probably no difference

at all between what is said by him and you.

   I don't think it's wrong of you to freely praise yourself if you're really worthy of praise.As we know,there

is an old Chinese saying disparaging (蔑视) a melon seller,named Lao Wang,who keeps praising his own

goods.Well,why can't he praise his melons if they are really sweet and juicy?

    Lao Wang sells melons for a living.How could he carry on business if he,by imitating the affectations

(装模作样) of us intellectuals,were to show false modesty about his melons?He would sure enough die of

starvation.

     Selfappreciation is therefore a key to professional dedication and enjoyment of work.Needless to say,

the same is true of those who make a living with their pen.One will lose confidence in writing when he stops

admiring his own essays.

1．We know from the first three paragraphs that the author________.

A．is modest in some way

B．is pleased to be a good writer

C．is too conceited

D．thinks it unfair to appreciate others

2．What do we know about the author's attitude towards Chinese modesty according to Paragraph 4?

A．Supportive.  

B．Negative.

C．Neutral.  

D．Careless.

3．The author mentions the example of Lao Wang to prove that______.

A．Lao Wang is very proud of himself

B．melon sellers should praise their goods

C．reasonable selfappreciation is good

D．writers should learn from Lao Wang

4．The purpose of the passage is to encourage readers to be________.

A．modest  

B．considerate

C．respectful  

D．confident

喷涂银粉面漆前，干磨中涂底漆应使用的砂纸型号是（）。

A.P1000

B.P400

C.P500

春秋行人和战国纵横家不同点不正确的是（）

A.家世

B.处事规则

C.家过意识

D.辩才