Florence Nightingale is most remembered as

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Florence Nightingale is most remembered as a pioneer of nursing and a reformer of hospital sanitation methods. For most of her ninety years, Nightingale pushed for reform of the British military health-care system and with that the profession of nursing started to gain the respect it deserved. Unknown to many, however, was her use of new techniques, of statistical analysis, such as during the Crimean War when she plotted the incidence of preventable deaths in the military. She developed a method to prevent the needless deaths caused by unsanitary conditions and the need for reform. With her analysis, Florence Nightingale revolutionized the idea that social phenomena could be objectively measured and subjected to mathematical analysis. She was an innovator in the collection, interpretation, and display of statistics.

Florence Nightingale’s two greatest life achievements-pioneering of nursing and the reform of hospitals-were amazing considering that most Victorian women of her age group did not attend universities or pursue professional careers. It was her father, William Nightingale, who believed women, especially his children, should get an education. So Nightingale and her sister learned Italian, Latin, Greek, history, and mathematics. She in particular received excellent early preparation in mathematics.

During Nightingale’s time at Scutari, she collected data and systematized record-keeping practices. Nightingale was able to use the data as a tool for improving city and military hospitals. Nightingale’s calculations of the death rate showed that with an improvement of sanitary methods, deaths would decrease. In February, 1855, the death rate at the hospital was 42.7 percent of the cases treated. When Nightingale’s sanitary reform was implemented, the death rate declined. Nightingale took her statistical data and represented them graphically.

As Nightingale demonstrated, statistics provided an organized way of learning and lead to improvements in medical and surgical practices. She also developed a Model Hospital Statistical Form for hospitals to collect and generate consistent data and statistics. She became a Fellow of the Royal Statistical Society in 1858 and an honorary member of the American Statistical Association in 1874. Karl Pearson acknowledged Nightingale as a "prophetess" in the development of applied statistics.

What can be inferred about the women living in the same era as Nightingale()

A. They chose to stay at home after graduating from colleges and universities

B. They tended to choose courses in Italian, Latin, Greek, history and so on

C. They seldom chose mathematics as their course

D. They did not have a equal education opportunities with men as they do today

考点:普通考研02经济学宏观经济政策分析
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下述疾病引起出血,除哪项外均属于上消化道出血()

A.出血性小肠炎

B.食管裂孔疝

C.胰腺癌

D.胃癌

E.十二指肠球部溃疡

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有以下程序main(){int Y=10;while(Y--);printf("Y=%d\n",Y);}程序执行后的输出结果是【 】。

A.Y=0

B.Y=-1

C.Y=1

D.while构成无限循环

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女性,40岁,因药物过敏引起心跳呼吸骤停,复苏成功后进行了以下处理,其中错误的是()

A.常规吸氧

B.应用抗生素

C.维持血压在略低的水平

D.注意尿量

E.查血素氮

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肌力评定禁忌证不正确的是()。

A.关节不稳者

B.骨折未愈合

C.严重疼痛

D.关节活动范围受限

E.失用性肌力减退

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槽车待机位行走手动操作,如果到达待机位,未点击“停止”,槽车将继续运行,到达()自动停止。

A.待机极限位

B.指定处理位

C.处理位

D.合金排放位

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