阅读理解。
Believe it or not, optical illusion (错觉) can cut highway crashes.
Japan is a case in point. It has reduced automobile crashes on some roads by nearly 75 percent using
a simple optical illusion. But stripes, called chevrons (人字形), painted on the roads make drivers think
that they are driving faster than they really are, and thus drivers slow down.
Now the American Automobile Association Foundation (基金会) for Traffic Safety in Washington
D.C. is planning to repeat Japan's success. Starting next year, the foundation will paint chevrons and
other patterns of stripes on selected roads around the country to test how well the patterns reduce
highway crashes.
Excessive (too great) speed plays a major role in as much as one fifth of all fatal traffic accidents,
according to the foundation. To help reduce those accidents, the foundation will conduct its tests in areas
where speed-related hazards are the greatest curves, exit slopes, traffic circles, and bridges.
Some studies suggest that straight, horizontal bars painted across roads can initially cut the average
speed of drivers in half. However, traffic often returns to full speed within months as drivers become used
to seeing the painted bars.
Chevrons, scientists say, not only give drivers the impression that they are driving faster than they really are but also make a lane appear to be narrower. The result is a longer lasting reduction in highway speed
and the number of traffic accidents.
1. The passage mainly discusses ________.
A. a new way of highway speed control
B. a new pattern for painting highways
C. a new way of training drivers
D. a new type of optical illusion
2. The underlined word "hazards" probably means ________.
A. accidents
B. traffic jams
C. dangers
D. cases
3. The advantage of chevrons over straight, horizontal bars is that the former ________.
A. can keep drivers awake
B. can cut road accidents in half
C. will look more attractive
D. will have a longer effect on drivers