预备党员转为正式党员，或延长预备期或取消预备党员资格，都应经（）讨论通过和上级党组织

阅读理解。

     Penguins lie together, but each pair has a little piece of ground of their own. When a penguin wants to walk

through its neighbour's ground, it must ask for permission. If it does not, it will have to fight. Penguins come

and go all day. They catch fish and look after their children.

      All penguins are good parents- the male penguins are perhaps the best parents in the world. They walk in

the middle of the dark Antarctic water. They choose their wives in the dark. They can only hear them-not see

them. Then the female penguins lay their eggs and go away for about two months. The males look after the

eggs. If the eggs get cold, there will be no chicks. There is no food. The snow falls and the wind

blows-sometimes at 150 kilometres an hour. The penguins do not move. When females return from the sea,

they will not remember their husbands. It does not matter. Only one thing matters - the eggs. Male penguins

never fight unless a penguin leaves a chick for a minute. Then they fight because they all want it. They are

strange and wonderful birds.

1. It seems interesting and unusual that the male penguins choose their wives ______.

A. when the female penguins return from the sea

B. just by hearing in the darkness

C. each time they see the lovely females

D. after they have had their own grounds

2. It is ______ that take care of the eggs.

A. the male penguins

B. the female penguins

C. both the husbands and the wives

D. the penguins that lost in the fight

3. Only when ______ can a penguin walk through its neighbour's ground.

A. it gets wet

B. it has become a father

C. it gets married

D. it gets permission

4. When the females return from the sea, they will ______.

A. live with their husbands

B. look after the eggs

C. get food for their husbands and children

D. not remember their husbands

5. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A. Female penguins often have their new husbands.

B. Male penguins fight when choosing their wives.

C. Female penguins take care of the eggs.

D. Male penguins use their ears to choose wives.

某工程施工到4月15日时发生了设计变更，由于合同中没有适用或类似于变更工程的价格，承包人在4月30日提出的变更工程价款的报告中自行确定了变更价格，按《建设工程施工合同(示范文本)》规定，( )。

A．由工程师确定变更价格，经业主确认后执行

B．由承包人或发包人提出适当的变更价格，经双方确认后执行

C．承包人确定的工程价款变更视为无效

D．承包人确定的变更价格，经业主确认后执行

同意：答应( )

A．签约：赴约

B．寂寞：烦恼

C．收获：收成

D．电灯：照明

I live in Hollywood. You may think people in such an attractive, fun-filled place are happier than others. If so, you have some mistaken ideas about the nature of happiness.

　　Many intelligent people still equate happiness with fun. The truth is that fun and happiness have little or nothing in common. Fun is what we experience during an act. Happiness is what we experience after an act. It is a deeper, more abiding emotion.

　　Going to an amusement park or ball game, watching a movie or television, are fun activities that help us relax, temporarily forget our problems and maybe even laugh. But they do not bring happiness, because their positive effects end when the fun ends.

I have often thought that if Hollywood stars have a role to play, it is to teach us that happiness has nothing to do with fun. These rich, beautiful individuals have constant access to glamorous parties, fancy cars, expensive homes, everything that spells “happiness”.

But in memoir（回忆录） after memoir, celebrities reveal the unhappiness hidden beneath all their fun: depression, alcoholism, drug addiction, broken marriages, troubled children and profound loneliness.

The way people stick to the belief that a fun-filled, pain-free life equates happiness actually reduces their chances of ever obtaining real happiness. If fun and pleasure are equated with happiness, then pain must be equated with unhappiness. But, in fact, the opposite is true: More times than not, things that lead to happiness involve some pain.

As a result, many people avoid the very endeavors that are the source of true happiness. They fear the pain inevitably brought by such things as marriage, raising children, professional achievement, religious commitment, civic or charitable work, and self-improvement.

小题1:What does the author want to tell us? He wants to tell us             .

A．he lives in Hollywood, so he feels not happy

B．the true meaning of happiness

C．in fact, famous people are not very happy

D．happiness is not equal to fun小题2:What is many intelligent people’s viewpoint about happiness?

A．Happiness just means having fun.

B．Happiness is not equal to fun.

C．Happiness means doing what you like.

D．Happiness means being rich.小题3:What does the underlined word “equate” in the second paragraph mean? It means    .

A．compare

B．think

C．similar or connected

D．match小题4:According to the passage, the author may agree        .

A．amusement park can bring us happiness

B．fun will bring some happiness to us

C．pain will bring us happiness

D．efforts can bring us happiness

债务人设立最高额抵押权，抵押权人有权在最高债权额限度内就该担保财产优先受偿。