土层锚杆试验时加载方式宜为（）。 A.分级加载  B.单循环加载  C.循环加载

二甲醚(CH₃OCH₃)被称为21世纪的新型燃料，在未来可能替代汽车燃油、石油液化气、城市煤气等，市场前景极为广阔。它清洁、高效，具有优良的环保性能。

工业上制二甲醚是在一定温度(230～280 ℃)、压强(2.0～10.0 MPa)和催化剂作用下进行的，反应器中发生了下列反应。

CO(g)＋2H₂(g)CH₃OH(g)    ΔH₁＝－90.7 kJ·mol^－1　①

2CH₃OH(g)CH₃OCH₃(g)＋H₂O(g)     ΔH₂＝－23.5 kJ·mol^－1　②

CO(g)＋H₂O(g)CO₂(g)＋H₂(g)   ΔH₃＝－41.2 kJ·mol^－1　③

(1)反应器中的总反应可表示为3CO(g)＋3H₂(g)CH₃OCH₃(g)＋CO₂(g)，则该反应的ΔH＝__________，平衡常数表达式为____________________，在恒温、可变容积的密闭容器中进行上述反应，增大压强，二甲醚的产率会________(填升高、降低或不变)。

(2)二氧化碳是一种重要的温室气体，减少二氧化碳的排放是解决温室效应的有效途径。目前，由二氧化碳合成二甲醚的研究工作已取得了重大进展，其化学反应方程式为2CO₂(g)＋6H₂(g)CH₃OCH₃(g)＋3H₂O(g)　ΔH＞0。

该反应在恒温、体积恒定的密闭容器中进行，下列不能作为该反应已达到化学平衡状态的判断依据的是________。

A．容器内混合气体的密度不变

B．容器内混合气体的压强保持不变

C．容器内混合气体的平均摩尔质量保持不变

D．单位时间内消耗2 mol CO₂的同时消耗1 mol二甲醚

(3)二甲醚气体的燃烧热为1 455 kJ·mol^－1，工业上用合成气(CO、H₂)直接或间接合成二甲醚。下列有关叙述正确的是________。

A．二甲醚分子中含共价键

B．二甲醚作为汽车燃料不会产生污染物

C．二甲醚与乙醇互为同系物

D．表示二甲醚燃烧热的热化学方程式为CH₃OCH₃(g)＋3O₂(g)=2CO₂(g)＋3H₂O(g)　ΔH＝－1 455 kJ·mol^－1

(4)绿色电源“直接二甲醚燃料电池”的工作原理示意图如图所示：正极为________(填“A电极”或“B电极”)，写出A电极的电极反应式：________________________________________。

在没有充分资料可查，没有现成模式可依的情况下，以钱学森为代表的航天军事科技人员锐意创新，用不到十年的时间就成功的研制出原子弹、氢弹和导弹。正如他所强调的：“我们不能人云亦云，这不是科学精神，科学精神最重要的就是创新。”由此可见，创新就要

①敢于突破既有的理论和实践 ②敢于否定权威，抛弃书本知识 ③善于提出新问题，敢于寻找新思路，确立新观念，开拓新境界 ④勇于超越物质条件和客观规律的制约

A．①③

B．②④

C．①③④

D．①②③

Mapping Your World

Different forms of maps are appearing．They allow independent travelers to get local knowledge of places they are visiting, from the official to the unusual．Meanwhile, hi-tech developments are creating new ways for us to map the world．Here are two of our favorites：

Green Maps

Green Maps allows people to share with the world their knowledge of environmentally friendly places and attractions in the local areas．Users add information with a set of icons（图标）, making it easy to read any map, whatever the nationalities of those who produce it．At present there are over five hundred map projects being developed in 54 countries．Green Maps’ advertised idea is “think global, map local”．It is a wonderful way of gaining all sorts of information of a place, ranging from community gardens to good places of birdwatching．

Green Maps is not specifically intended for travelers．Not all of its maps are online, so it may be necessary for some users to communicate with the producers through the Green Maps website．

Maps Mashups

Many people use online maps developed by Google, but not many know about the mashups of them．Working in a similar way to Green Maps, Map Mashups allows people to add icons of their own to existing maps to express a certain topic．The mashups is so called because it combines all the knowledge you could ever need．It ranges from the extremely useful, such as where all the World Heritage Sites are, to the most bizarre （古怪的），such as where America’s drunkest cities are．With the mashups added to the basic Google Maps, a multi-layered （多层的） map can be created．

小题1:According to the passage, which of the following is a characteristic of Green Maps?

A．Introducing local attractions with icons

B．Aiming at environmental protection

C．Offering advice to independent travelers．

D．Collecting icons worldwide for local maps．小题2:Which of the following icons is most probably NOT used in Green Maps?

小题3:“Map Mashups” is named with the word “mashups” because      ．

A．it is produced by users all over the world

B．it is a branch of Google Maps

C．it shares icons with Green Maps

D．it gathers various kinds of information小题4:What do Green Maps and Map Mashups have in common?

A．They are created by local people．

B．They are environmentally friendly．

C．Users can edit maps on the Internet．

D．Users need to communicate with producers．

脾胃阴虚之虚劳治宜：

A．腹大胀满，按之如囊裹水
B．腹大胀满，脉络怒张
C．腹大胀满不舒，早宽暮急
D．腹大胀满，舌红绛少津
E．腹大胀满，脘腹撑急

从理论上讲，获取净收益的可靠性越低，选用的还原利率应( )。

A．越高

B．越低

C．不变

D．越可靠