Directions: Read the passage carefully.

问题：

Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest

possible words.

     Sociologists have long recognized that organization of less than 200 individuals can operate through the

free flow of information among the members. Once their size goes beyond this figure, the organizations are

getting less flexible. So it seems necessary to prevent total disorder resulting from failures of communication.

     One solution to this problem would, of course, be to structure large organizations into smaller units of a

size that can act as a group. By allowing these groups to build reliance on each other, larger organizations

can be built up. However, merely having groups of, say, 150 will never of itself be a complete solution to the

problems of the organization. Something else is needed: the people involved must be able to build direct personal

relationships. To allow free flow of information, they have to be able to communicate with each other in a

casual way. Maintaining too formal a structure of relationships inevitably prevents the way a system works.

     The importance of this was drawn to my attention two years ago by the case of a TV station. Whether by

chance or by design, it so happened that there were almost exactly 150 people in the station. The whole

process worked very smoothly as an organization for many years until they were moved into purpose-built

accommodation. Then, for no apparent reason, the work seemed to be more difficult to do, not to say less

satisfying.

     It was some time before they work out what the problem was. It turn out that, when the architects were

designing the new building, they decided that the coffee room where everyone ate their sandwiches at lunch

times was an unnecessary luxury and so did away with it. And with that, they accidentally destroyed the close

social networks that strengthened the whole organization. What had apparently been happening was that, as

people gathered informally over their sandwiches in the coffee room, useful information was casually being

exchanged.

(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS.)

1. What size of an organization may lead to communication failures?

    _________________________________________________________________________________

2. What are the two solutions to the communication problem within a large organization? 

    _________________________________________________________________________________

3. After the TV station moved into new accommodation, its operation ___________________________.

4. From the case of the TV station, we can conclude it is _________________________ that make(s) an 

    organization more successful.