近年来，国家对中西部地区义务教育学段农村户口的学生实行免收学杂费的优惠政策。下面

明朝君主专制高度强化的主要表现是（ ）

A．废行省，设三司

B．八股取士

C．设立厂卫特务机构

D．废丞相、撤中书省，权分六部

设高温热源的热力学温度是低温热源的热力学温度的n倍，则在一次卡诺循环中，理想气体传给低温热源的热量是从高温热源吸取热量的（）倍。

A．A

B．B

C．C

D．D

阅读下面这篇文章，完成下面的题。  　　 　　　　

　　童年在我的记忆中比较模糊，但其中有几个片段却令我记忆犹新。我的父母总是不断让孩子接受挑战，想方设法培养我们的独立精神。我4岁那年，有一次妈妈开车送我回家，路上她让我在离家几英里的农田边下车，然后自己找路回家。虽然那次探险，以我彻底迷路而告终，但此事对我影响很大。在这样的环境中，我从小就乐于寻找挑战。

　　刚开始游泳时，我大概有四五岁。我们全家和朱迪斯姑姑一起在德文郡度假。我最喜欢 朱迪斯姑姑，她在假期开始时和我打赌，如果我能在假期结束时学会游泳，就给我10先令。于是我每天泡在冰冷的海浪里，一练就是几个小时。但是到最后一天，我仍然没有学会游泳。

　　“没关系，里克，”朱迪斯姑姑说，“明年再来。”

　　但是我决心不让她等到下一年，再说我也担心明年朱迪斯姑姑就会忘了我们打赌的事。从德文郡开车到家要12小时，出发那天，我们很早就起程了。乡间的道路很窄，车里又挤又闷，大家都想快点儿到家。但是这时我看到了一条河。

　　“爸爸，停一下车好吗？”我说。这条河是我最后的机会，我坚信自己能赢到朱迪斯姑姑的10先令。“请停车！”我大叫起来。爸爸从倒车镜里看了看我，减慢速度，把车停在路边的草地上。

　　“里克看见一条河，”妈妈说，“他想再最后试一次游泳。”

　　我脱下衣服，穿着短裤往河边跑去。但离河边越近，我越没信心，等我跑到河边时，自己也害怕极了。河面上水流很急，发出巨大的响声，河中央一团团泡沫迅速向下游奔去。我在灌木丛中找到一处被牛踏出的缺口，趟水走到较深的地方。爸爸、妈妈、朱迪斯姑姑都站在河边看我的表演。爸爸叼着他的烟斗，看上去毫不担心。妈妈一如既往地向我投来鼓励的目光。

　　我定下神来，迎着水流，一个猛子扎下去。不久，我感到自己在迅速下沉。慌乱中我的腿在水里无用地乱蹬，急流把我冲向相反的方向。我无法呼吸，呛了几口水。我想把头探出水面，但四周一片空虚，没有借力的地方。我又踢又扭，然而毫无进展。

　　 就在这时，我踩到了一块石头，用力一蹬，总算浮出水面。我深吸了一口气，这口气让我镇定下来，我一定赢得那10先令。

　　我慢慢地蹬腿，双臂划水，突然我发现自己正游过河面，我忽上忽下，姿势完全不对，但我意识到我成功了，我终于会游泳了！我不顾湍急的水流，骄傲地游到河中央。透过流水的怒吼声，我似乎听到大家拍手欢呼声。……我终于游会岸边，在50米以外的地方爬上岸时，我看到朱迪斯姑姑正在大手提袋里找她的钱包。我拨开带刺的荀麻，向他们跑去。我也许很冷，也许浑身是泥，也许被荀麻扎得遍体鳞伤，但我会游泳了。

　　“给你，里克，” 朱迪斯姑姑说，“干得好。”我看着手里的10先令，棕色的纸币又大又新。我从没有见过这么多钱，这可是一笔巨款。

　　爸爸紧紧抱住了我，然后说：“好了，各位，我们上路吧！”直到那个时候，我才发现爸爸浑身透湿，水珠正不断地从他的衣角上滴下来。原来他一直跟在我身后游。

1、下列对文章内容和写法的理解，错误的一项是（　　　 ）   

A、 文章主要通过“我”学游泳的时，表现了“我”的父亲注重培养孩子的独立精神，使“我”从小就乐于寻找挑战。   

B、第一自然段中的叙事，为下文写“我”敢于在湍急的河流中学游泳作了铺垫。   

C、文章重点刻划了“我”父亲的形象，突出他对孩子的与众不同的教育方法。   

D、文章详略得当，重点叙述了“我”在回家途中学会游泳的事。

2、对文中人物性格的理解，分析最准确地一项是（ 　　　）    

A、“我”冒着危险一定要赢得打赌的10先令，说明“我”是个贪心的小男孩。    

B、母亲增让四岁的“我”在离家几英里的地方下车，然后自己找路回家，刻画了母亲不溺爱孩子的性格。

C、看着“我”走到水比较深的地方，爸爸“看上去毫不担心”，表现了父亲对孩子的漠不关心。    

D、朱迪斯姑姑见“我”到最后一天还没有学会游泳，说“没关系，里克，明年再来。”说明她对“我”失去了信心。    

3、文中划线的句子用了哪几个词语突出水流湍急的特点？这句话在文中起到了什么作用？    

答：                                                                                

4、请用三个词语概括出“我”在下水前、游泳中及学会游泳后的心理状态。    

答：                                                                                 

5、读了这篇文章，你想给你的家人说些什么？（不少于30个字）    

答：                                                                                 

Most of the news in the newspapers is bad but sometimes there is a story with good news. This is one of those stories. Millions of people around the world suffer from AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis, and other serious diseases. There are medicines to treat these diseases but for people in poor countries, these medicines are too expensive to buy. When a pharmaceutical（制药的）company produces a new medicine, they receive a special license called a patent. This license means that the new medicine or drug is protected for a period of 20 years. The company that produced the drug can fix the price of the drug and no other company is allowed to produce the same drug or a copy of the drug for 20 years. At the moment, these patents operate all over the world, both in rich countries and in poor countries. The drugs companies say that they need patents so that they can get the money to pay for research to find new drugs and medicines. In rich countries people usually have enough money to pay for these drugs but in poor countries people can’t afford to buy them and cannot treat diseases like AIDS and malaria.

Last month, however, a group of experts published a report which says that patents are very bad for poor countries. The report says that drug companies do not want to find new medicines for diseases of poor people in poor countries. It says that poor countries should be allowed to buy cheap drugs without patents from other countries.

The authors of the report were lawyers, scientists and a senior director from the drug company Pfizer. Of course, the pharmaceuticals industry doesn’t agree with the report, “We need patents so that we can develop new medicines to fight disease both in the developed and developing world,” said a spokesman. But the report is the first sign that there might be a change in the patent system. This change could save millions of lives in the world’s poorest countries. This really is good news.

小题1: Why are medicines expensive for people in poor countries?

A．They are protected by patents.

B．They are produced in rich countries.

C．They are imported.

D．They can cure the deadly diseases.小题2: What does the underlined word “patent” in Para1 mean in Chinese?

A．执照

B．专利权

C．专利品

D．商标小题3:Why do drugs companies need patents?

A．To sell drugs in rich countries.

B．To sell drugs in poor countries.

C．To get money to produce new drugs.

D．To compete with other companies.小题4: What does the report say?

A．Poor countries should spend more money on drugs.

B．Poor countries shouldn’t obey a pharmaceutical patent.

C．Poor countries should import drugs.

D．Poor countries should be allowed to make copies of drugs.小题5:What might happen if the patent system is changed?

A．Millions of lives will be saved in poor countries.

B．Drugs companies will stop producing drugs.

C．Drug companies will make more money.

D．The competition will be canceled.

长平矿井属带压开采，水头值为（）m。

A、617

B、627

C、637

D、647