案例四:一般资料:求助者,男性,21岁,某大学三年级学生。案例介绍:求助者从小有咬指

题型:单项选择题

问题:

案例四:一般资料:求助者,男性,21岁,某大学三年级学生。案例介绍:求助者从小有咬指甲的习惯,虽收到父母亲的多次训斥,自己也试用了多种方法,但没有明显改变。读大学期间恋爱,女友坚持要他改掉,否则就分手。求助者主动前来寻求帮助。下面是心理咨询师与该求助者的一段咨询对话。求助者:我原来有咬手指甲的毛病,用了很多方法,都没有改掉。女朋友说,再改不掉就和我分手,所以我想请您帮助我改掉这个毛病。心理咨询师:作为一个大学生,有咬手指甲的习惯,想改但没有改掉,我能理解你内心的苦恼,我愿意帮助你。现在咱们先讨论咨询方案吧!求助者:咱们讨论?可我不懂心理学啊,还是您直接决定吧,我这次决心很大,愿意接收您的方案。心理咨询师:心理咨询不是漫无目的的,而是要根据咨询方案进行,咨询方案需要咱们两人共同讨论。求助者:我明白了。心理咨询师:好,咱们先讨论咨询目标,通过咨询,你想达到什么样的目标呢?求助者:我就想改掉我咬手指甲的毛病,今后再也不被它困扰了。心理咨询师:咬指甲是一种行为,行为是可以改变的。如果对你咬指甲的行为做一个量化的评估,你怎么评估呢?求助者:量化评估?(沉默)我一有时间可能就会咬,时间可能在3~4个小时吧。心理咨询师:通过咨询你想改变成什么样呢?求助者:最好一次都不咬。心理咨询师:根据你目前的情况,一次都不咬是不是要求太高了?求助者:不高,我都二十多岁了,还咬手指甲,自己都不好意思。心理咨询师:好吧,咱们就把不咬手指甲作为第一个目标,每天一次都不咬。现在我跟你说说用什么方法,我打算用厌恶治疗法改变你咬指甲的行为。行为主义认为,人的行为都是被行为结果强化的,厌恶疗法就是我把你咬指甲的行为和厌恶刺激结合,产生生理、心理上痛苦的感觉,多次结合使你产生条件反射,当你以后咬指甲时,就会产生恐惧,你就不敢再咬指甲了,行为就改变了。具体的步骤是:第一步,明确目标行为,就是咬指甲,第二步,构建恐惧等级,第三步,选择厌恶刺激,第四步,把咬指甲和厌恶刺激结合起来。 求助者:我似乎明白了,那您选用的厌恶刺激可别太强啊!心理咨询师:你放心,我给你电击再加注射催吐剂,剂量小一些,尽量温和些。 求助者:那好吧,大约需要做多少次啊?这种方法会不会没效啊?心理咨询师:这种法肯定有效,具体效果等疗程结束再评估吧。 求助者:我知道了,万一没有效果,还有其他方法吗?心理咨询师:还有其他方法,如阳性强化法,求助者中心疗法等等。

单选厌恶疗法的基本原理是()。

A.产生严重恐惧

B.改变行为习惯

C.建立条件反射

D.产生不良体验

考点:心理咨询师考试心理咨询师二级心理咨询师二级技能选择案例问答真题2011年11月
题型:单项选择题

Every morning my father buys a newspaper on his way to work. Every evening my mother looks through magazines at home. And every night, I look at the posters with photos of David Beckham and Yao Ming on my bedroom wall before I go to sleep. Can we imagine life without paper or print?

Paper was first created about 2,000 years ago, and has been made from silk, cotton, bamboo, and, since the 19th century, from wood. People learned to write words on paper to make a book. But in those days, books could only be produced one at a time by hand. As a result, they were expensive and rare. And because there weren’t many hooks, few people learned to read.

Then printing was invented in China. When printing was developed greatly at the beginning of the 11th century, books could be produced more quickly and cheaply. As a result, more people learned to read. After that, knowledge and ideas spread quickly.

Today information can be received online, downloaded from the Internet rather than found in books, and information can be kept on CD-ROMs or machines such as MP3 players.

Computers are already used in classrooms, and newspapers and magazines can already be read online. So will books be replaced by computers one day? No, I don’t think the Yao Ming poster on my bedroom wall will ever be replaced by a computer two metres high!

小题1:What does the writer do before he goes to sleep’?

A.He reads books.

B.He reads newspapers

C.He looks through magazines

D.He looks at the posters on the wall.小题2:When was paper first created?

A.About 2.000 years ago.

B.In the 19th century.

C.About 1.000 years ago.

D.In the 11th century.小题3:Why were books expensive and rare before the invention of printing?

A. People could not read.

B. People could not write words on paper.

C. People could not find silk, cotton or bamboo.

D People could only produce books one at a time by hand

小题4:What happened after books became cheaper?

A.People didn’t want to buy books.

B.Printing was invented in China.

C.Knowledge and ideas spread quickly.

D.The Internet was introduced to people soon小题5:What is the writer’s opinion about books and computers’?

A.People won’t need books any more

B.Books won’t be replaced by computers.

C.People prefer to find information in books.

D.Computers have already replaced books.

题型:单项选择题

甲雇乙为其建房,在建设中,乙砌砖时一砖掉落,将在工地玩耍的小孩丙砸伤,花去医药费300元。丙父母向甲索赔。甲以丙的伤害系乙所为而拒绝。致丙伤害的损失应由:

A.甲承担

B.乙承担,因损害系其所为

C.之监护人承担,因其疏于监护

D.甲、乙与丙之监护人分担,因三方对该损害均无过错

题型:单项选择题

关于先天性冠状动脉瘘的超声表现,叙述错误的是()

A.二维超声冠状动脉主干和(或)分支扩张

B.部分病例可追踪观察到迂曲增宽的冠状动脉引流腔室的瘘口

C.冠状动脉瘘入右心系统,则为左向右分流

D.冠状动脉瘘入左心系统,则为左向左分流

E.冠状动脉瘘入左心室,呈连续性分流频谱

题型:单项选择题

心脏听诊检查包括哪些内容()

A.心率、心律

B.心音

C.额外心音

D.心脏杂音

E.心包摩擦音

题型:单项选择题

下图为“株洲市2014年12月3日7时至4日7时气温和降水统计图”,读图回答下列各题。

下列关于当地雨后转晴,气温仍持续降低并保持在较低水平的解释正确的是()

①冷锋过境后,受冷气团的控制

②暖锋过境前,受冷气团控制

③大气逆辐射弱,降温较快

④冬季太阳高度偏低,太阳辐射较弱

A.①②③

B.①③④

C.①②④

D.②③④

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