请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个恰当的单词。(答

光环效应是一种( )的现象，可能在人们没有意识到的情况下发生。

A．社会适应

B．信息干扰

C．先入为主

D．以偏概全

Your sister has grown up. She is no longer ____ she was five years ago when I first saw her.[ ]

A. what  

B. who  

C. that  

D. whom

课程与教学论典型的研究方法有：（）、观察研究法 、（）、人种学研究法

我国宪法规定，国家对个体经济、私营经济实行（）。

A.指导、帮助和管理

B.引导、监督和管理

C.鼓励、支持和引导

D.指导、帮助和监督

Few people would defend the Victorian attitude to children, but if you were a parent in those days, at least you knew where you stood: children were to be seen and not heard. Freud and his company did away with all that and parents have been bewildered ever since. The child’s happiness is all-important, the psychologists say, but what about the parents’ happiness Parents suffer continually from fear and guilt while their children gaily romp about pulling the place apart. A good "old-fashioned" spanking is out of the question: no modern child-rearing manual would permit such barbarity. The trouble is you are not allowed even to shout. Who knows what deep psychological wounds you might inflict The poor child may never recover from the dreadful traumatic experience. So it is that parents bend over backwards to avoid giving their children complexes which a hundred years ago hadn’t even been heard of. Certainly a child needs love, and a lot of it. But the excessive permissiveness of modern parents is surely doing more harm than good.

Psychologists have succeeded in undermining parents’ confidence in their own authority. And it hasn’t taken children long to get wind of the fact. In addition to the great modern classics on child-care, there are countless articles in magazines and newspapers. With so much unsolicited advice flying about, mum and dad just don’t know what to do any more. In the end, they do nothing at all. So, from early childhood, the kids are in charge and parents’ lives are regulated according to the needs of their offspring. When the little dears develop into teenagers, they take complete control. Lax authority over the years makes adolescent rebellion against parents all the more violent. If the young people are going to have a party, for instance, parents are asked to leave the house. Their presence merely spoils the fun. What else can the poor parents do but obey

Children are hardy creatures (far hardier than the psychologists would have us believe) and most of them survive the harmful influence of extreme permissiveness which is the normal condition in the modern household. But a great many do not. The spread of juvenile delinquency in our own age is largely due to parental laxity. Mother, believing that little Johnny can look after himself, is not at home when he returns from school, so little Johnny roams the streets. The dividing-line between permissiveness and sheer negligence is very fine indeed.

The psychologists have much to answer for. They should keep their mouths shut and let parents get on with the job. And if children are knocked about a little bit in the process, it may not really matter too much. At least this will help them to develop vigorous views of their own and give them something positive to react against. Perhaps there’s some truth in the idea that children who have had a surfeit of happiness in .their childhood appear like stodgy puddings and fail .to make a success of life.

What is implied in the first sentence（）

A. There is no defense for Victorian attitude

B. Freud’ advice leaves children running wild

C. Parents cannot be too strict with their children

D. Child-care books prove outdated and harmful