Next time a customer comes to your office, offer him a cup of coffee．And when you’re doing your holiday shopping online, make sure you’re holding a large glass of iced tea．The physical sensation(感觉) of warmth encourages emotional warmth, while a cold drink in hand prevents you from making unwise decisions—those are the practical lesson drawn from recent research by psychologist John Bargh．
Psychologists have known that one person’s perception(感知) of another’s “warmth” powerfully determines social relationships．Judging someone to be either “warm” or “cold” is a primary consideration, even trumping(捏造) evidence that a “cold” person may be more capable．Much of this is rooted in early childhood experiences, Bargh argues, when babies’ conceptual(概念的) sense of the world around them is shaped by physical sensations, particularly warmth and coldness．Classic studies by Harry Harlow, published in 1958, showed monkeys preferred to stay close to a cloth “mother” rather than one made of wire, even when the wire “mother” carried a food bottle．Harlow’s work and later studies have led psychologists to stress the need for warm physical contact from caregivers to help young children grow into healthy adults with normal social skills．
Feelings of “warmth” and “coldness” in social judgments appear to be universal．Although no worldwide study has been done, Bargh says that describing people as “warm” or “cold” is common to many cultures, and studies have found those perceptions influence judgment in dozens of countries．
To test the relationship between physical and psychological warmth, Bargh conducted an experiment which involved 41 college students．A research assistant who was unaware of the study’s hypotheses(假设) handed the students either a hot cup of coffee or a cold drink to hold while the researcher filled out a short information form: The drink was then handed back．After that, the students were asked to rate the personality of “Person A” based on a particular description．Those who had briefly held the warm drink regarded Person A as warmer than those who had held the iced drink．
“We are grounded in our physical experiences even when we think abstractly(抽象地),” says Bargh．
68．The author mentions Harlow’s experiment to show that ______．
A．monkeys have social relationships
B．adults should develop social skills
C．caregivers should be healthy adults
D．babies need warm physical contact
69．In the paragraph 4, the underlined word “rate” can be replaced by ______．
A．describe B．discuss C．evaluate D．praise
70．We can infer from the passage that _______________．
A．capable persons are often cold to others
B．physical temperature affects how we see others
C．feelings of warmth and coldness are studied worldwide
D．abstract thinking does not come from physical experiences
71．What would be the best title for the passage?
A．Physical Sensations and Emotions．
B．Developing Better Drinking Habits．
C．Experiments of Personality Evaluation．
D．Drinking for Better Social Relationships．
