阅读材料回答问题。 在十七世纪,牛顿曾坚信光是由很小的微粒组成的,这一学说得到了

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问题:

阅读材料回答问题。
在十七世纪,牛顿曾坚信光是由很小的微粒组成的,这一学说得到了几何光学实验的证明。
后来到了惠更斯菲涅耳时代,光的波动学说被光的干涉和衍射实验以及后来的麦克斯韦电磁场理论所证实,从而否定了牛顿的微粒说。
二十世纪初,量子力学以其优美的数学形式和极其精确的实验再一次否定了光的波动说,认为光是由微粒组成的,但这种微粒是具有波动性的,称之为光量子。显然量子力学所说的光量子是具有波动性的微粒,它与牛顿所假设的微粒有本质的区别。
请回答:
1.上述材料体现出的哲学原理。

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