阅读理解。
Commencement (毕业典礼) is a time for idealism.
But economic reality is cruel everywhere; especially for new graduate. They have been told
repeatedly that a college degree is an open sesame(芝麻) to the global economy. But that's not
necessarily so, according to new research by two economists at he Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, Frank Levy and Peter Temin.
It is true that people with college degrees make more money than people without degrees.
The gap has narrowed somewhat in recent years, which is disturbing. But the earning power of
college graduates still far outpaces that of less-educated workers.
The bad news, though, is that a college degree does not ensure a bigger share of the economics
pie for many graduates. In recent decades Mr. Levy and Mr. Temin show, only college-educated
women have seen their income grow in line with economy wide gains in productivity. The earnings
of male college graduates have failed to keep pace with productivity gains.
Instead, a huge share of productivity growth, which expands the nation's income, is going to
Americans on the top of the income scale. In 2005, the latest year with available data, the top of
1 percent of Americans-whose average annual income was $ 1.1 million- took in 21.8 percent
of the nation's income, their largest share since 1929.
Administration officials, and other politicians and economists, often, believe that income inequality,
reflects an education gap. But Mr. Levy and Mr. Temin show that in the case of men, the average
bachelor's degree is not enough to catch the rising tide of the global economy.
They argue that the real reason that inequality is worsening is the lack of strong policies that broadly
distribute economic gains. In the past, for example, a more progressive income tax and unions
promote equality. Positive measures have been eroding and new ones have not yet emerged, making
the income gap even greater.
Mr. Levy and Mr. Temin conclude that only a new government policy can restore general
prosperity. That's a challenge to the nation's leader and today's graduates. America needs them to
contribute to the development of the nation in global economy.
1. The passage is mainly about that _______.
A. there is a big income gap between female and male college graduates in America.
B. college graduates find it hard to find an ideal job after graduation in America.
C. research shows that American government should take measures to ensure income
equality for college graduates
D. college degrees are losing value in America.
2. What is the main idea of paragraph 5?
A. The whole nation has enjoyed a big income growth with the growth of productivity.
B. Much of the total income in America has been gained by a few very rich people.
C. A small part of people in America have income increase.
D. Upper class Americans contribute most to productivity growth.
3. The underlined word "eroding" in paragraph 7 probably means _______.
A. being gradually destroyed by wind or rain
B. gradually reducing power
C. gradually disappearing
D. gradually not suitable
4. We can infer from the passage that _______.
A. female college graduates have higher income than male ones.
B. female college graduates have benefited from some governmental measures to ensure
their income growth.
C. income tax can grantee income equality.
D. new measures and policies have been taken to promote income equality.
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5. From the passage, some economists believe that the worsening income inequality is caused by ____.
A. lower college degree of college graduates
B. lack of proper governmental policies
C. gender discrimination
D. underdevelopment of economy and productivity.