阅读下列材料,回答问题。 材料一16至17世纪的中国,新的经济形态还十分微弱、脆

题型:材料题

问题:

阅读下列材料,回答问题。

材料一  16至17世纪的中国,新的经济形态还十分微弱、脆嫩,明清时期的早期启蒙思想家们……提不出新的社会方案,而只能用扩大相权、限制君权、提倡学校议政等办法来修补封建专制制度。l8世纪欧洲启蒙思想家则拿出了……的资产阶级国家蓝图。                                                      ——张岱年、方克立主编《中国文化概论》

(1)列出中国明清时期的“早期启蒙思想家们”的主要代表。他们提不出“新的社会方案”的社会原因有哪些?

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(2)l8世纪欧洲启蒙思想家拿出了怎样的“资产阶级国家蓝图”?

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材料二   伏尔泰在谈及孔子思想时叹言道:“欧洲的王族同商人发现东方,只晓得求财富,而哲学家则在那里发现了一个新的精神的与物质的世界。”                                           ——伏尔泰(《礼俗论》

(3)根据材料,指出伏尔泰所叹言的欧洲商人发现的“东方”是指什么事件?哲学家发现“新的精神”世界又指的是什么?

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材料三  西方的七百年文化启蒙运动是在一个逐渐形成、形成后又不断更新最终得到强化的文化大环境中展开的。……到 17、18世纪,文化大环境又进行了一次更新。17世纪的英国资产阶级革命和启蒙运动率先为构筑一个新的理性主义文化大环境开辟了道路。到18世纪则出现了西方“三大革命合力并举”的形势,这一切终于催化着酝酿已久的理性主义文化大环境蒸蒸而生。      ——王贤仙《近代中西文化启蒙之浅析》

(4)材料三中18世纪西方出现“三大革命”,分别指的是当时欧洲政治、思想、经济领域的什么重大事件?

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材料四  (西方民主思潮)诞生之后,……对世界各国都造成了深刻地冲击。对中国冲击的结果是儒家文化逐渐失去了统治地位。如果我们将中国传统文化比喻成一棵大树,洋务运动只不过剪断了一些枝叶,辛亥革命则相当于将这棵大树砍断了。”                  —— 知原《西方文明对中国的冲击及中国文明的嬗变》

 (5)法国启蒙思想曾对近代前期中国的哪几次救亡图存运动产生了重大影响?材料四中“将这棵大树砍断”的含义是什么?

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考点:黄宗羲对君主专制的抨击艰难的法兰西共和之路法国共和政体的确立(法兰西第三共和国宪法)辛亥革命走向会合的世界(商业革命)第一次工业革命
题型:材料题

阅读下面这首诗

感遇①·其一 张九龄(唐) 

兰叶春葳蕤②,桂华秋皎洁。欣欣此生意,自尔为佳节。

谁知林栖者,闻风坐相悦。 草木有本心,何求美人折?

【注】①此诗系张九龄遭谗贬谪后所作,《感遇》十二首之冠首。  ②葳蕤:枝叶茂盛而纷披。 

小题1:首联用了对偶修辞,互文以见义,写出了春兰与秋桂          的特征。(2分)

小题2:联系全诗,从表现手法的角度分析作者所表达的情感。(4分)

                                                                        

题型:材料题

阅读理解。

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题型:材料题

塞里把应激看作是机体对有害环境的一种()

A.心理紧张状态

B.适应性反应

C.导致疾病的危险因素

D.心理反应模式

E.社会适应性行为

题型:材料题

从哪几方面提高社会管理科学化水平?

题型:材料题

保持车辆良好的技术状况,可以降低发生交通事故的概率。

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