第Ⅱ卷 (两部分，共35分)
第四部分：任务型阅读(共10小题；每小题l分，满分10分)
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OPTIMISM HELPED US PERSEVERE(坚持)
Left behind, we watched as Shackleton and the boat sailed away from Elephant Island. The danger of what lay ahead of them, the chances of them ever returning to find us, the fear that we might never know their fate and possible delays, at first made us feel low and discouraged. But it was not for long. There was nothing like a good dinner of penguin(企鹅) and some dynamic music to make a man feel more cheerful again.
Life now fell into a regular pattern. Just keeping alive took all our time and energy. For example, we had to gather fresh water by grasping and then melting sea-ice. If this drinking But melting the ice was a problem. With no trees growing on Antarctica and no oil, the only fuel we could use was seal fat. This gave off oily, black smoke but had he advantage of burning strongly in fierce winds. We could also eat the remains when the fire died down.
Food was also a problem as there were no vegetables or fruit to be found. As one of’ our group, Lionel Greenstreet noted in his diary after a few weeks how bored he was with the meals: “The food now is pretty well all meat -- seal steaks, cooked seal, penguin steaks, cooked penguin liver.” As a chef, it was my duty to clean and cook these animals, so I was soon being encouraged to vary the meals in whatever way I could. It was difficult.
We had to be very particular about our personal care because a changeable temperature could harm us. It was almost as dangerous to become too hot from wearing too many clothes as to become too cold from wearing too few. Becoming too hot led to sweating and this could freeze very quickly. Another part of the body that needed special caution was the eyes. The ice and snow reflected dangerous rays from the sun so that if we did not wear sunglasses we would suffer from sun-blindness.
Four months of this was as much as the twenty-two of us could bear in this bone-numbing cold. We were lucky that our group wolf worked hard to show an admirable mental attitude and dealt with our ever-present fears in a positive and successful way. Above all, Shackleton encouraged us to have celebrations: for birthdays, festivals or even just because of a good catch of penguin. This kept us cheerful and encouraged harmony in the group.
When rescue did come, we felt such relief and joy that many of us could not hide our tears. We were at last free to go home to a warm bed, good food and the care of our family and friends. Our optimism and faith in Shackleton had helped us persevere in staying alive and he had repaid us by his commitment to return and save us from a slow but painful death.
Main Points
| Details
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Setting
| Shackleton and his boat having (71) ▲ away, we stayed on Elephant Island, feeling low and discouraged. A dinner of penguin and dynamic music (72) ▲ us up.
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Water problem
| To gather fresh water, we grasped and then melt sea-ice by(73) ▲
seal fat.
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(74) ▲ problem
| Food lacked variety, with only meat from seals and penguins.
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Personal care
| ● Sweating from wearing too many clothes and(75) ▲ from wearing too few could do harm to us.
● We needed to be (76) ▲ of the eyes’ being harmed by the dangerous reflected rays from the sun.
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(77) ▲ for our survival
| ● Our positive (78) ▲
● Having celebrations
● Harmony in the group
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Ending
| Four months later, we were (79) ▲ by Shackleton. And he
(80) ▲ his promise.
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