阅读下面的短文，并根据短文后的要求答题（请注意问题后的字数要求）。
Quality after-school programs are designed to improve academic performance, decrease youth crimes
and other high-risk behaviors, and help young people grow into healthy, successful adults.
The effect of quality after-school programs on academic performance is clear. Studies show that students
who take part in such programs show better work habits, higher rates of homework completion, improved
grades, and higher scores on achievement tests. They also have fewer absences and are less likely to blame.
After-school programs also influence high-risk teen behavior. Various studies show decreased rates of crime,
drug use, and teen sex among youth who join in well-run after-school programs when compared to similar
youth who do not. Finally, after-school programs play an important role in supporting the following fields of
development: physical, mental and social development. Thus, one can safely say that after-school programming
is an effective method to help young people become contributing members of society.
Although there is enough proof from both small and large assessments that _____, it is important to note
that not all programs are equal. First, dosage (时量) matters-young people who attend the most hours over
the most years benefit more than members who attend less often or over a shorter period of time. Next, after-
school programs make a bigger difference for those students who need help most and have the fewest choices.
Finally, program qualities matter. After-school programs work best when they create unique opportunities for
youth. They should provide opportunities for positive rela- tionships, skill building, meaningful involvement,
expression, suggestion, service, and work. Staff char-acteristics make an important difference in the quality
of a program. The adults should treat youth as partners, create safe and fair environments, encourage
personalized involvement, and actively create learning opportunities. In short, although after-school programs
have promising future, how they are designed and run matters.
1. What is the best title for this passage? (within 10 words)
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2. Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the f'ollowing one? Quality of the program is to
a great extent affected by the members' personality.
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3. What are the factors that affect the programs greatly? (within 15 words)
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4. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 3 with proper words or phrases. (within 20 words)
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5. Translate the underlined sentence in the last paragraph into Chinese.
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