材料:李斌的母亲病了。李斌四年未休过探亲假,这次他向单位提出休假探亲,单位以他已在本地结婚为由,不批准他休探亲假。李斌工作的工厂既有刺耳的噪声,又有刺眼的电焊强光。工人向厂长要求发放安全卫生防护用品,改善劳动条件,遭到厂长拒绝。单位只给部分老职工办理社会保险,李斌等不在其中。请问:
(1)李斌的哪些合法权益受到了侵害?
________________________________________________________________________________________________
(2)如何有效的维护劳动者的合法权益?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________