阅读理解。
A research shows that expressions on our faces have a strong relationship with our genes (基因).
According to the study, facial expressions of our feelings are innate and are not achieved in cultural
learning.
This is the first research to show that blind people have the same facial expressions as the sighted
when showing certain feelings-the same facial muscles (肌肉) start working. What's more, the research
gives the new method of how people control their feelings in certain social situations. It states that people
do not leam to manage their facial expressions by examining the expressions of others.
In his study, David Matsumoto, San Francisco State University Psychology Professor, examined
facial expressions of bhnd and sighted judo athletes (柔员) that took part in the Summer Olympics and
Paralympics (残奥会). He examined over 4 800 pictures of different athletes who came from 23 countries.
Matsumoto found that both blind and sighted sportsmen had the same facial expressions, according to a
specific social situation.
"This suggests genes decide facial expressions of feelings," he said.
One of his findings was the "social smiles" of judo athletes who lost their match and got the second
place. It is interesting to find that only mouth muscles are used in social smiles, while during real smiles,
shown when a person is really happy, the eyes of a person twinkle and get smaller and the cheeks (脸颊)
rise.
"Losers pu8hed their lower lip up as if to control the feeling on their face and many produced social
smiles," said Matsumoto. "People blind from birth were unable to leam to manage their feelings with the
help of examining others' facial expressions." He thought that there must be another system involved.
"It's possible that in order to hide sad feelings, humans have developed a system that closes the mouth
so that they are stopped from crying, biting or rudeness," he said.
1. The underlined word "innate" in the first paragraph means _____.
A. from birth
B. from daily life
C. from others
D. from teaching
2. According to the passage, real smiles are different from social smiles in _____.
A. opening the eyes
B. using facial muscles
C. closing the mouth
D. watching others' expressions
3. How does the writer make us believe the new findings?
A. By telling us an interesting story.
B. By interviewing some researchers.
C. By showing the results of the research.
D. By giving the answers to the questions.
4. Which can be the best title for the passage?
A. Smiles and Olympics
B. Blind and Sighted Athletes
C. Social Smiles and Real Smiles
D. Genes and Facial Expressions