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A $415 million study, by far the most expensive one, ever to ask whether a lowfat diet reduces
the risk of getting cancer or heart disease has found that the diet has no effect.
The study involved nearly 49,000 women aged 50 to 79 who were followed for eight years. In
the end, those assigned to a lowfat diet had the same rates of breast cancer, colon cancer and heart
attacks as those who ate whatever they pleased, researchers are reporting today.
And the lowfat diet was not easy to follow. Women were told to aim for a diet that had just 20
percent of its calories as fat, which meant, for example, no butter on bread, no cheese on bagels,
no oil in salad dressings. And most fail to meet that requirement.
The result, the study investigators agreed, does not justify recommending lowfat diets to the
public to reduce their heart disease and cancer risk. Given the lack of benefit found in the study,
many medical researchers said that the best dietary advice, for now, was to follow federal guidelines
for healthy eating, with less saturated and trans fats, more grains, and more fruits and vegetables.
But not everyone was convinced. Some, like Dr. Dean Ornish, a longtime promoter of lowfat
diets, said that the women did not reduce their fat to low enough levels or eat enough fruits and
vegetables, and that the study, even at eight years, did not give the diets enough time. Others said
that the study did not mean people should abandon lowfat diets. The diet could still make a difference,
at least with heart disease, if people were to eat the socalled Mediterranean_diet,_low in saturated
fats like butter and high in oils like olive oil. But the women in the study reduced all kinds of fat.
To this, Barbara V. Howard, a principle investigator in the study argued that "What we are saying
is that a modest reduction of fat did not do anything for heart disease and so on, but it doesn't say that
this diet is not beneficial". And she said people should realise that diet alone was not enough to stay
healthy. Except for not smoking, the advice for a healthy lifestyle is based largely on indirect evidence,
like eating well, controlling weight and getting regular exercise.
1．The underlined phrase "Mediterranean diet" in Paragraph 5 probably means________.
A．diet eaten in the Mediterranean region
B．diet that comes from the Mediterranean region
C．diet low in saturated fats and high in olive oil
D．diet found in Mediterranean restaurants
2．After the study result was released, we can expect all of the following EXCEPT that ________.
A．researchers still have ground to advise people to have a lowfat diet
B．no institute will issue some advice on lowfat diets
C．many people still believe lowfat diets are beneficial for people's health
D. people will probably turn to federal guidelines for healthy eating advice
3．We can learn from the passage that ________.
A．diets have nothing to do with disease prevention
B．a healthy lifestyle often means balanced diets, enough exercise and quitting smoking
C．all fats should be removed from people's diet to keep one healthy
D．if one gets only 20% of his calories from fat, he is sure to keep healthy