阅读下文,完成1-3题。(9分,每小题3分) 食品添加剂,防不胜防(节选) 据统

题型:阅读理解与欣赏

问题:

阅读下文,完成1-3题。(9分,每小题3分)

食品添加剂,防不胜防(节选)

据统计,食品业每年花在食品添加剂上的投资高达200亿美元,生产商用这些食品添加剂来改变食品的色、香、质和延长保质期,估计我们每个人每年要吃进六至七千克的食品添加剂。

食品业常常为自己辩解说,使用食品添加剂是为了防止食物变坏,保护消费者免遭食物中毒。但事实上,用于阻止有害微生物滋生的化学制剂(即防腐剂)和防止油脂变质的化学制剂(即抗氧化剂)只占食品添加剂总量的1%不到。大约90%的食品添加剂是装饰性的,其中包括40种不同的染色化学制剂(多数在谷类食品、零食、糖果和饮料中),13种甜味剂和4500种食品香料。此外还有乳化剂、稳定剂之类的食品加工助剂,它们的作用是使食品中的水油混合在一起,常常添加在人造黄油和蛋黄酱等食品中。

如何管理这些化学添加剂?在20世纪50年代之前,任何化学制剂只要不在明令禁止的名单上就可以添加到食品中。而现在大多数国家规定,只有获得许可的添加剂才能在食品中使用。1983年,欧盟采用E-NUMBER编号系统,将数百种获准使用的添加剂列入许可名单。

到目前为止,欧盟已宣布540种食品添加剂对人体有害。英国食品标准局的食品添加剂部门负责人罗德里·埃文斯博士解释了如何计算食品添加剂的安全程度。他说:“首先要获得大量安全性资料,显示某些食品添加剂对人体健康有影响。研究结果由独立的科学专家进行评估,如果可以接受,我们将根据这些结果确定每种食品添加剂的日认可摄取量—---它是指人在有生之年每天摄取多少添加剂不会对健康产生重大威胁。”

批评食品添加剂检测系统的人对多达250种获得使用许可认的食品添加剂的安全性提出怀疑。他们说,几乎检测食品添加剂的研究都在老鼠身上进行实验,但实验结果是否同样适用于人还是一个未知数。此外,大多数研究是由生产食品添加剂的公司进行的。

科学政策专家埃里克·米尔斯通说:“我认为应该让与食品添加剂生产商无关的独立实验室进行检测,并不断更新研究成果。此外,我们还需要确定实验用鼠和人的相似度有多高。”他说,应该多用经过人体证实的证据来下结论。他说:“如果你去问那些生产或使用食品添加剂的相关行业工会,工会官员们会告诉你,工厂里的人会出现喘息不止、慢性头疼、出皮疹等种种症状。但在评估食品添加剂对人体健康的影响时却没有把这些证据包括在内。”

1. 下列对“食品添加剂”的理解,最准确的一项是(     )

A 食品添加剂可以强化食品颜色,增加香味,提高产品的质量,延长食品的保质期。

B.使用食品添加剂的目的是阻止微生物滋生,防止食品霉变,使消费者避免食物中毒。

C 食品添加剂一般包括防腐剂、抗氧化剂、甜味剂、香料以及作为食品加工助剂的乳化剂、稳定剂等。

D 世界食品添加剂标准是欧盟1983年制定的,使用这个系统可以防止过量使用食品添加剂。

2、下列表述,不符合文意的一项是(    )

A 半个世纪以前只要不是明令禁止的食品添加剂就可使用,而现在世界各国规定只有获得许可的添加剂才能在食品中使用。

B 英国有关人士认为食品添加剂无害的标准是人一生在不威胁健康的情况下能够摄入的量,而不是实验室结论。

C 即使是以生产或使用添加剂有关的行业工会的官员也都会坦言食品添加剂对人体健康的危害。

D 对食品添加剂的安全性持怀疑态度的人最主要的怀疑理由是研究途径存在着问题。

3. 根据原文提供的信息,下列推断错误的一项是(    )

A 食品添加剂中的香料,尽管其种类极多,但被欧洲主要国家认可并认为对人体无害的却是极小一部分。

B 食品安全不能只考虑添加剂,还要考虑食品制作过程中的其他问题,但最根本的办法是多吃新鲜食品。

C 对食品添加剂检测系统持批评态度的人,其主要根据是只有极少数检测食品添加剂的研究是在人身上进行实验。

D 如果我们记住对人体有毒害的食品添加剂种类,不吃含有这些添加剂的食物,就可以保持身体健康。

考点:现代文阅读
题型:阅读理解与欣赏

(7分)现有含1mol Fe3+和1molAl3+的混合溶液,按下图横坐标依次加入NaOH溶液、盐酸、通入CO2气体,纵坐标为混合沉淀的物质的量。

(1)请画出沉淀的物质的量随反应的变化曲线

(2)逐步写出:6-7、9-10反应的离子方程式:____________________________________。

题型:阅读理解与欣赏

Each time I see a balloon, my mind flies back to a memory of when I was a six-year-old girl. It was a rainy Sunday and my father had recently died. I asked my mom if Dad had gone to heaven. “Yes, honey. Of course.” she said.

“Can we write him a letter?”

 She paused, the longest pause of my short life, and answered, “Yes.”

My heart jumped. “How? Does the mailman go there?” I asked.

“No, but I have an idea.” Mom drove to a party store and returned with a red balloon. I asked her what it was for.

“Just wait, honey. You’ll see.” Mom told me to write my letter. Eagerly, I got my favorite pen, and poured out my six-year-old heart in the form of blue ink. I wrote about my day, what I learned at school, how Mom was doing, and even about what happened in a story I had read. For a few minutes it was as if Dad were still alive. I gave the letter to Mom. She read it over, and a smile crossed her face.

She made a hole in the corner of the letter where she looped (缠绕) the balloon string. We went outside and she gave me the balloon. It was still raining.

“Okay, on the count of three, let go. One, two, three.”

The balloon, carrying my letter, darted upward against the rain. We watched until it was swallowed by the mass of clouds.

Later I realized, like the balloon, that Dad had never let his sickness get him down. He was strong. No matter what he suffered, he’d persevere, dart up, and finally transcend this cold world and his sick body. He rose into sky and became something beautiful. I watched until the balloon disappeared into the gray and white and I prayed that his strength was hereditary. I prayed to be a balloon.

小题1:What does the underlined sentence imply?

A.When the girl asked if they could write to her father, her mother felt it hard to answer.

B.When the girl asked if they could write to her father, her mother thought her a creative girl.

C.When the girl asked if they could write to her father, her mother believed it easy to do so.

D.When the girl asked if they could write to her father, her mother found it easy to lie.小题2:When the girl was told that she could send a letter to her father, she _________.

A.jumped with surprise

B.became excited

C.didn’t know how to write

D.was worried that it couldn’t be delivered小题3:In the eyes of the author, what was the rain like?

A.An incurable disease.

B.An unforgettable memory.

C.The hard time her father had.

D.The failures her father experienced.小题4:What would be the best title for the passage?

A.An unforgettable experience.

B.The strong red balloon.

C.Fly to paradise.

D.A great father.

题型:阅读理解与欣赏

该例患者如果被救起时无呼吸,但尚有颈动脉搏动,此时诊断为()

A.淹溺

B.近乎淹溺

C.继发淹溺

D.湿性淹溺

E.干性淹溺

题型:阅读理解与欣赏

汽轮机叶片上沉淀物过多,会导致()。

A、汽机振动值加大

B、汽机噪音加大

C、汽机与压缩机难以同步

D、轴承温度过高

题型:阅读理解与欣赏

书面表达。

     假如你是李华, 你的美国笔友即将随其父母来中国,并在中国度过中秋节。他来信向

你询问有关中秋节的习俗,请你告诉他有关中秋节的习俗。

要点如下:

1. 历史悠久。

2. 中国人独有的传统节日。

3. 家庭团圆。

4. 共进晚餐。

5. 吃月饼。

6. 赏月。

要 求:

1. 词数100左右。

2. 可适当添加细节。

3. 开头已给出,不计入总词数。

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