阅读下面的文章,完成小题。 清明不仅是节日 郭文斌 ①春分过后是清明。这是小时候

题型:阅读理解与欣赏

问题:

阅读下面的文章,完成小题。

清明不仅是节日

郭文斌

①春分过后是清明。这是小时候从父亲口中听到的一句话。现在想来,它既是一句话,又是一个哲理。只有太阳直射到黄经,才有昼夜等长,阴阳平衡。而只有昼夜等长,阴阳平衡,才有“清明”。创设清明这个节日的,无疑是一个大智者。

②“山水”同在为“清”,“日月”同在为“明”,一个“同”字,道尽了天地秘密,也道尽了文化的秘密,特别是中国文化的秘密。无水之山少了情韵,无山之水少了风骨;无日之月少了热烈,无月之日少了温柔;水因山不浊,山因水不枯;日因月不烈,月因日不晦。这一切,都在一种“大同”之中实现了,这便是“清明”。

③清明看上去是季节,其实是人格。没有山水精神的人格是残缺的人格,没有日月精神的人格同样是残缺的人格。而山水日月精神,说到底则是天地精神。天同覆,地同载。齐生死便是由此而来。

④对于中国人来说,从来就没有生,也从来没有死,因为中国人有怀念,真诚又深沉的怀念。而怀念来自人格,人格来自奉献,奉献来自觉悟,觉悟来自天地精神,来自“清明”。而要参透这个“清明”,则需要昼夜等长、万物复苏相佐。惟有此时,人们才能生死并参。而只有生死并参,人们才能留意生死之间的“我”,才能把握生的“清”,死的“明”,才能让灵魂春色永驻。

⑤清明处心积虑,她让我们看破:死是一个假象。就像春分过后,杨柳依然,所谓春来草自青。或者说,只要我们在“清明”之中,“死”就成为杨柳,就会成为春色,就会成为秋千,就会成为风筝,就会成为踏青途中的欢声笑语。为此,清明前后,栽瓜点豆。这时候的瓜和豆睡醒了,开始了它们新一轮的生命旅程,带着山水之清气和潮湿,带着日月之光辉和温暖,带着主人之期待和叮嘱,开始它们的旅行,走进农历,走进它们的缘分,走进它们的因果。

⑥而充盈在天地间的灵魂又何尝不是如此。大家把郊游认为是在扫墓之后乘机呼吸新鲜空气,锻炼身体,显然表面化了。出游是惬意的,惬意可能让人流连忘返,但天黑下来了,所有的惬意就都成了“归”意;所谓“路上行人欲断魂”,是因为我们在路上;出游的目的是让你体会那个“归”。

⑦所以真正郊游的意义在《庄子》中。庄子认为,人不必执着于生,因为生若是一次远游,那么死就等同于归。庄子说得好啊:天地赋予形体让我承受,赋予生命让我劳累,赋予衰老让我安逸,赋予死亡让我安息。所以把活着看做是乐事,也就是把死去看做是乐事了。这是一种“归”。面对人们对“死”的看不开,庄子又说:丽姬是艾的女儿,许配给晋王时,哭得死去活来,对未来的陌生环境充满着不确定感。嫁过去住进王宫,享受锦衣美食,就对自己在家中哭泣感到好笑,早知道宫中如此舒服还哭个什么劲呢?同样的道理,我们现在对死亡恐惧不安,是否到头来也会笑自己对世界的依恋不舍很幼稚呢?视生若死,视死如生。这是庄子的安详和智慧。

⑧孔子说得更彻底:朝闻道,夕死可矣。清明讲的就是这个“道”。在杨柳依依中,在草色青青中,在旧墓,在新坟,在山麓,在河滨,如果我们没有看到这个“道”,我们已和“清明”擦肩而过。中国的节日,大凡都是诱发你对道的感悟,诱发你对山水精神的感悟,对天地精神的感悟。依山悟崇高,傍水悟清廉;以日月悟光明,由天地悟正大;假生之乐悟慈,借死之苦悟悲;从而珍惜青春,珍惜年华,珍惜生命,珍惜因缘,感念造化宏德,善待自然有情,鞠躬尽瘁,死而后已。

⑨中国的节日,大凡和祭有关。以祭悟道,这是中国人的智慧。在我理解,清明是春祭,中元是夏祭,寒衣是秋祭,大年是冬祭。而一切祭的背面却是暗藏的狂欢。哀以乐感,乐以哀感,一体两面,这便是中国人的大幽默、大安详。如此,真正的清明上河图在阴阳两界展开。把追思和狂欢均匀地撒在四季,让岁月芬芳,让大地馥郁,让灵魂清明,中国文化的大戏就这样一代代演了下来,一如长河。

⑩这时的“上河”已不单单是清明的“上河”了。如果说上巳节是中国的情人节,那么清明节无疑是中国的感恩节。有意思的是,她俩居然比肩接踵,让人不由赞叹中国人的智慧:昨天上巳,今天清明,如同一家人的前院和后院。前院求生,后院念死;环绕着前院后院的,是青青杨柳和无尽春色。上巳的主旨是幽会求子,清明的主旨是鉴死知生。这两个节日的奇妙联袂,真是让人叫绝。幽会之后是求子,求子之后是祭祖,生死相续,以生观死,以死鉴生,一个中国人特有的“产业链”就这样形成了。它同时叮嘱我们,子不必求,因为子在祖德;祖不必祭,因为建功立业、光宗耀祖就是最好的祭。

⑾清明不仅是节日,清明也是人格,是中华炎黄子孙的人格。

(有改编)

小题1:理解文中划线词、句的含义(5分)

①生死并参:(2分)

②而一切祭的背面却是暗藏的狂欢:(3分)

小题2:文章的最后一段有什么作用?(4分)

小题3:作者说“清明看上去是季节”,文章体现了哪些清明作为节日本身的特点?(5分)

小题4:文题说“清明不仅是节日”, 结合文本,分析“清明”有哪几个层面的深刻内涵。(6分)

考点:现代文阅读
题型:阅读理解与欣赏

过去外国乘客的飞机票价格高于国内乘客,这种政策不符合______

A.普惠制条款
B.优惠制条款
C.最惠国待遇条款
D.国民待遇条款

题型:阅读理解与欣赏

根据《素问·阴阳应象大论》的论述,下列哪项是错的()

A.清阳为天

B.清阳出上窍

C.清阳实四肢

D.壮火生气

E.壮火食气

题型:阅读理解与欣赏

For years I wanted a flower garden. I’d spend hours thinking of different things I could plant that would look nice together.

But then we had Matthew. And Marvin. And the twins, Alisa and Alan. And then Helen. Five children. I was too busy raising them to grow a garden.

Money was tight, as well as time. Often when my children were little, one of them would want something that cost too much, and I'd have to say, "Do you see a money tree outside? Money doesn't grow on trees, you know."

Finally, all five got through high school and college and were off on their own. I started thinking again about having a garden.

I wasn't sure, though. I mean, gardens do cost money, and after all these years I was used to living on a pretty lean, no-frills budget.

Then, one spring morning, on Mother's Day, I was working in my kitchen. Suddenly, I realized that cars were tooting their horns as they drove by. I looked out the window and there was a new tree, planted right in my yard. I thought it must be a weeping willow, because I saw things blowing around on all its branches. Then I put my glasses on - and I couldn't believe what I saw. There was a money tree in my yard!

I went outside to look. It was true! There were dollar bills, one hundred of them, taped all over that tree. Think of all the garden flowers I could buy with one hundred dollars! There was also a note attached: "IOU eight hours of digging time. Love, Marvin."

Marvin kept his promise, too. He dug up a nice ten-by-fifteen foot bed for me. And my other children bought me tools, ornaments, a trellis (棚架), a sunflower stepping stone and gardening books.

That was three years ago. My garden's now very pretty, just like I wanted. When I go out and weed or tend my flowers, I don't seem to miss my children as much as I once did. It feels like they're right there with me.

I live up in Michigan's Upper Peninsula, where winters are long and cold, and summers are too short. But every year now, when winter sets in, I look out my window and think of the flowers I'll see next spring in my little garden. I think about what my children did for me, and I get tears in my eyes - every time.

I'm still not sure that money grows on trees. But I know love does!

小题1:By saying “Do you see a money tree outside .….,” the mother actually means “    

A.Observation is the best teacher.

B.Seeing is believing.

C.The outsider sees the most of the game.

D.It is not easy to gain money小题2:The best title for the passage would probably be          .

A.My flower garden

B.Marvin helps to realize my dream

C.Love in Michigan

D.Money grows on trees小题3:The underlined word “no - frills” in the fifth paragraphs is similar in meaning to        .

A.wasteful

B.tight

C.absurd

D.helpful小题4:From the last but the third paragraph we can infer that the mother is         .

A.divorced when she was young

B.not caring for her kids any longer

C.alone but not at all lonely

D.prouder with her garden than with her kids.

题型:阅读理解与欣赏

水泵动、静平衡盘面的接触率应保持在()以上。

A、50%

B、75%

C、95%

D、任意

题型:阅读理解与欣赏

多巴胺能神经包括:

A.使骨骼肌血管舒张的神经纤维
B.支配汗腺分泌的交感神经节后纤维
C.二者都是
D.二者都不是

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